आज, रिज़र्व बैंक ने अपने द्विमासिक ग्रामीण उपभोक्ता विश्वास सर्वेक्षण (आरसीसीएस)1 2 के सितंबर 2025 दौर के परिणाम जारी किए। सर्वेक्षण में सभी भारतीय राज्यों और तीन प्रमुख केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के ग्रामीण और अर्ध-शहरी परिवारों से सामान्य आर्थिक स्थिति, रोजगार परिदृश्य, समग्र मूल्य स्थिति, स्वयं की आय और व्यय पर उनकी वर्तमान धारणाओं (एक वर्ष पहले की तुलना में) तथा एक वर्ष आगे की अपेक्षाओं को एकत्रित करता है। सर्वेक्षण में परिवारों की वर्तमान मुद्रास्फीति धारणा और आगामी वर्ष की उनकी अपेक्षाओं पर मात्रात्मक जानकारी भी एकत्रित की गई है। सर्वेक्षण का नवीनतम दौर 28 अगस्त से 7 सितंबर, 2025 तक के दौरान आयोजित किया गया था, जिसमें 8,848 वैध प्रतिक्रियाएँ शामिल थीं।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ:
-
वर्तमान अवधि के लिए ग्रामीण उपभोक्ता विश्वास में मामूली सुधार हुआ है और वर्तमान स्थिति सूचकांक (सीएसआई)3 आशावादी क्षेत्र में आगे बढ़ रहा है, जिसे अधिकांश सर्वेक्षण मापदंडों में बेहतर धारणाओं का समर्थन प्राप्त है (चार्ट 1; टेबल 1, 2, 5, 6 और 9)।
-
भविष्य की अपेक्षा सूचकांक (एफईआई) ने आशावादी क्षेत्र के भीतर सुधार जारी रखा (चार्ट 1; टेबल 9)।
-
सर्वेक्षण के वर्तमान दौर में एक वर्ष की अवधि में कीमतों और मुद्रास्फीति में वृद्धि की उम्मीद करने वाले ग्रामीण परिवारों की हिस्सेदारी में गिरावट आई है (टेबल 3 और 4)।
-
सितंबर 2025 में परिवारों की वर्तमान मुद्रास्फीति धारणा पिछले दौर की तुलना में 10 आधार अंक बढ़कर 5.9 प्रतिशत हो गई। हालाँकि, नवीनतम सर्वेक्षण में एक वर्ष आगे मुद्रास्फीति की अपेक्षाएं 30 आधार अंक घटकर 7.6 प्रतिशत हो गई है (टेबल 12)।
नोट: कृपया समय श्रृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें4
| Table 1: Perceptions and Expectations on the General Economic Situation |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Improve |
Remained same |
Worsened |
Net Response |
Improve |
Remains same |
Worsen |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
39.9 |
25.4 |
34.8 |
5.1 |
57.2 |
19.2 |
23.6 |
33.6 |
| Nov-24 |
38.2 |
24.7 |
37.1 |
1.1 |
57.9 |
18.1 |
24.0 |
34.0 |
| Jan-25 |
39.4 |
25.2 |
35.4 |
4.0 |
58.8 |
17.0 |
24.2 |
34.6 |
| Mar-25 |
41.4 |
23.8 |
34.7 |
6.7 |
60.0 |
16.6 |
23.4 |
36.6 |
| May-25 |
40.8 |
25.3 |
33.9 |
6.9 |
60.3 |
16.7 |
23.1 |
37.2 |
| Jul-25 |
41.6 |
24.0 |
34.4 |
7.1 |
59.6 |
21.2 |
19.2 |
40.4 |
| Sep-25 |
39.4 |
28.4 |
32.2 |
7.2 |
58.4 |
23.5 |
18.1 |
40.3 |
| Table 2: Perceptions and Expectations on Employment |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Improve |
Remained same |
Worsened |
Net Response |
Improve |
Remains same |
Worsen |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
35.9 |
26.2 |
37.9 |
-2.0 |
57.1 |
20.9 |
22.1 |
35.0 |
| Nov-24 |
36.6 |
25.6 |
37.8 |
-1.2 |
58.4 |
19.4 |
22.2 |
36.1 |
| Jan-25 |
38.4 |
25.8 |
35.8 |
2.6 |
58.9 |
19.0 |
22.1 |
36.8 |
| Mar-25 |
39.6 |
24.9 |
35.4 |
4.2 |
59.8 |
18.8 |
21.5 |
38.3 |
| May-25 |
39.9 |
25.0 |
35.2 |
4.7 |
59.9 |
18.7 |
21.4 |
38.5 |
| Jul-25 |
38.0 |
28.8 |
33.3 |
4.7 |
57.6 |
24.7 |
17.7 |
39.9 |
| Sep-25 |
36.0 |
33.1 |
30.9 |
5.0 |
57.0 |
26.2 |
16.7 |
40.3 |
| Table 3: Perceptions and Expectations on Price Level |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
96.1 |
2.7 |
1.1 |
-95.0 |
89.6 |
5.2 |
5.2 |
-84.5 |
| Nov-24 |
96.6 |
3.0 |
0.4 |
-96.3 |
90.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
-85.0 |
| Jan-25 |
96.2 |
3.3 |
0.4 |
-95.8 |
90.0 |
5.0 |
5.1 |
-84.9 |
| Mar-25 |
95.1 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
-93.6 |
88.7 |
5.4 |
5.9 |
-82.8 |
| May-25 |
94.6 |
3.9 |
1.5 |
-93.1 |
88.5 |
4.9 |
6.6 |
-81.9 |
| Jul-25 |
94.2 |
3.6 |
2.2 |
-92.0 |
88.5 |
3.9 |
7.7 |
-80.8 |
| Sep-25 |
94.4 |
3.5 |
2.2 |
-92.2 |
83.9 |
11.5 |
4.6 |
-79.3 |
| Table 4: Perceptions and Expectations on Rate of Change in Price Level (Inflation)* |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
80.6 |
14.6 |
4.8 |
-75.8 |
81.8 |
15.4 |
2.8 |
-79.0 |
| Nov-24 |
82.3 |
14.2 |
3.5 |
-78.8 |
83.6 |
12.3 |
4.2 |
-79.4 |
| Jan-25 |
80.4 |
16.5 |
3.1 |
-77.3 |
80.5 |
16.3 |
3.2 |
-77.2 |
| Mar-25 |
78.3 |
17.4 |
4.3 |
-74.0 |
79.3 |
16.0 |
4.7 |
-74.6 |
| May-25 |
77.6 |
17.8 |
4.6 |
-73.0 |
77.9 |
16.9 |
5.1 |
-72.8 |
| Jul-25 |
77.4 |
16.9 |
5.8 |
-71.6 |
77.9 |
16.7 |
5.5 |
-72.3 |
| Sep-25 |
76.9 |
17.9 |
5.2 |
-71.8 |
79.5 |
12.0 |
8.5 |
-71.0 |
| Notes: *Applicable only for those respondents who felt price has increased/price will increase. |
| Table 5: Perceptions and Expectations on Income |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
23.3 |
44.1 |
32.6 |
-9.3 |
57.1 |
31.9 |
11.0 |
46.2 |
| Nov-24 |
24.2 |
43.3 |
32.5 |
-8.3 |
58.2 |
30.1 |
11.7 |
46.5 |
| Jan-25 |
23.7 |
45.6 |
30.7 |
-7.0 |
58.4 |
30.1 |
11.5 |
47.0 |
| Mar-25 |
24.7 |
45.3 |
29.9 |
-5.2 |
59.0 |
30.8 |
10.3 |
48.7 |
| May-25 |
25.3 |
44.7 |
30.0 |
-4.8 |
59.7 |
29.9 |
10.4 |
49.3 |
| Jul-25 |
23.7 |
49.4 |
26.8 |
-3.1 |
58.0 |
35.3 |
6.8 |
51.2 |
| Sep-25 |
24.5 |
49.0 |
26.5 |
-2.1 |
56.3 |
38.8 |
4.9 |
51.4 |
| Table 6: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
87.9 |
9.7 |
2.5 |
85.4 |
88.8 |
9.2 |
2.0 |
86.9 |
| Nov-24 |
88.5 |
9.6 |
1.9 |
86.6 |
90.0 |
8.0 |
2.0 |
88.0 |
| Jan-25 |
87.9 |
10.3 |
1.9 |
86.0 |
89.0 |
9.3 |
1.8 |
87.2 |
| Mar-25 |
90.5 |
7.3 |
2.2 |
88.2 |
90.8 |
7.4 |
1.9 |
88.9 |
| May-25 |
88.1 |
10.0 |
2.0 |
86.1 |
89.7 |
8.3 |
2.0 |
87.8 |
| May-25 |
87.0 |
12.3 |
0.7 |
86.3 |
90.9 |
6.3 |
2.9 |
88.0 |
| Sep-25 |
88.2 |
10.3 |
1.5 |
86.7 |
87.8 |
11.1 |
1.1 |
86.7 |
| Table 7: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending- Essential Items |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
89.1 |
8.5 |
2.4 |
86.7 |
89.9 |
8.0 |
2.1 |
87.8 |
| Nov-24 |
89.1 |
8.9 |
2.1 |
87.0 |
90.0 |
7.9 |
2.1 |
87.9 |
| Jan-25 |
87.9 |
9.5 |
2.6 |
85.4 |
89.5 |
8.2 |
2.3 |
87.2 |
| Mar-25 |
89.8 |
8.0 |
2.2 |
87.6 |
91.2 |
6.9 |
2.0 |
89.2 |
| May-25 |
88.3 |
9.2 |
2.6 |
85.7 |
90.4 |
7.7 |
2.0 |
88.4 |
| May-25 |
86.7 |
11.6 |
1.7 |
85.0 |
92.5 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
89.0 |
| Sep-25 |
88.0 |
9.4 |
2.7 |
85.3 |
89.1 |
9.4 |
1.5 |
87.7 |
| Table 8: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending- Non-Essential Items |
| (Percentage responses) |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
| Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
| Sep-24 |
55.6 |
18.3 |
26.1 |
29.4 |
68.2 |
18.7 |
13.0 |
55.2 |
| Nov-24 |
57.3 |
18.5 |
24.2 |
33.2 |
68.1 |
19.1 |
12.8 |
55.4 |
| Jan-25 |
57.3 |
19.7 |
23.1 |
34.2 |
68.1 |
19.6 |
12.4 |
55.7 |
| Mar-25 |
58.4 |
19.1 |
22.5 |
35.9 |
69.6 |
18.2 |
12.3 |
57.3 |
| May-25 |
58.3 |
18.6 |
23.1 |
35.2 |
69.3 |
18.4 |
12.3 |
56.9 |
| Jul-25 |
54.7 |
27.9 |
17.4 |
37.2 |
73.6 |
10.1 |
16.4 |
57.2 |
| Sep-25 |
53.0 |
31.4 |
15.7 |
37.3 |
68.3 |
21.0 |
10.8 |
57.5 |
| Table 9: Rural Consumer Confidence Indices |
| Survey Round |
Current Situation Index (CSI) |
Future Expectations Index (FEI) |
| Sep-24 |
96.9 |
123.4 |
| Nov-24 |
96.4 |
123.9 |
| Jan-25 |
98.0 |
124.1 |
| Mar-25 |
100.1 |
125.9 |
| May-25 |
100.0 |
126.2 |
| Jul-25 |
100.6 |
127.7 |
| Sep-25 |
100.9 |
127.9 |
| Table 10: Current Period Median Inflation Perception of the Various Groups |
| |
Mar-25 |
May-25 |
| Estimate |
SE |
Estimate |
SE |
| Overall |
6.6 |
0.23 |
6.3 |
0.17 |
| Gender-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
6.7 |
0.27 |
6.3 |
0.17 |
| Female |
6.4 |
0.26 |
6.4 |
0.27 |
| Category-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Salaried Employees |
6.5 |
0.35 |
6.7 |
0.35 |
| Self Employed |
6.9 |
0.38 |
6.1 |
0.22 |
| Homemakers |
6.4 |
0.29 |
6.5 |
0.28 |
| Retired Persons |
7.6 |
0.83 |
6.2 |
0.50 |
| Daily Workers |
6.6 |
0.39 |
6.1 |
0.18 |
| Others |
6.1 |
0.25 |
6.4 |
0.23 |
| Age Group-wise |
|
|
|
|
| 21 to 29 years |
6.5 |
0.24 |
6.3 |
0.20 |
| 30 to 39 years |
6.8 |
0.29 |
6.3 |
0.28 |
| 40 to 59 years |
6.4 |
0.30 |
6.2 |
0.22 |
| 60 years and above |
7.2 |
0.59 |
6.1 |
0.19 |
| |
Jul-25 |
Sep-25 |
| Estimate |
SE |
Estimate |
SE |
| Overall |
5.8 |
0.08 |
5.9 |
0.13 |
| Gender-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
5.8 |
0.11 |
6.0 |
0.18 |
| Female |
5.7 |
0.08 |
5.9 |
0.19 |
| Category-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Salaried Employees |
5.9 |
0.20 |
6.7 |
0.43 |
| Self Employed |
5.9 |
0.21 |
6.1 |
0.26 |
| Homemakers |
5.8 |
0.10 |
6.0 |
0.26 |
| Retired Persons |
6.7 |
0.93 |
6.0 |
0.65 |
| Daily Workers |
5.6 |
0.10 |
5.9 |
0.22 |
| Others |
5.7 |
0.11 |
5.7 |
0.20 |
| Age Group-wise |
|
|
|
|
| 21 to 29 years |
5.7 |
0.08 |
5.6 |
0.15 |
| 30 to 39 years |
5.7 |
0.09 |
6.1 |
0.26 |
| 40 to 59 years |
5.9 |
0.15 |
6.0 |
0.22 |
| 60 years and above |
6.0 |
0.27 |
6.0 |
0.37 |
| Notes: The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for quantitative responses. |
| Table 11: One Year Ahead Median Inflation Expectations of Various Groups |
| |
Mar-25 |
May-25 |
| Estimate |
SE |
Estimate |
SE |
| Overall |
9.3 |
0.23 |
8.9 |
0.19 |
| Gender-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
9.3 |
0.29 |
8.9 |
0.24 |
| Female |
9.2 |
0.28 |
9.1 |
0.30 |
| Category-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Salaried Employees |
9.1 |
0.32 |
9.5 |
0.32 |
| Self Employed |
9.0 |
0.34 |
8.6 |
0.38 |
| Homemakers |
9.5 |
0.31 |
9.0 |
0.30 |
| Retired Persons |
9.5 |
0.79 |
8.8 |
0.59 |
| Daily Workers |
9.3 |
0.36 |
8.5 |
0.34 |
| Others |
8.8 |
0.29 |
8.7 |
0.41 |
| Age Group-wise |
|
|
|
|
| 21 to 29 years |
9.2 |
0.31 |
8.8 |
0.22 |
| 30 to 39 years |
9.0 |
0.29 |
9.2 |
0.28 |
| 40 to 59 years |
9.2 |
0.28 |
8.6 |
0.30 |
| 60 years and above |
9.8 |
0.46 |
8.3 |
0.31 |
| |
Jul-25 |
Sep-25 |
| Estimate |
SE |
Estimate |
SE |
| Overall |
7.9 |
0.25 |
7.6 |
0.23 |
| Gender-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
8.0 |
0.37 |
7.7 |
0.26 |
| Female |
7.6 |
0.26 |
7.7 |
0.37 |
| Category-wise |
|
|
|
|
| Salaried Employees |
7.6 |
0.35 |
8.8 |
0.40 |
| Self Employed |
7.9 |
0.42 |
7.6 |
0.42 |
| Homemakers |
7.9 |
0.3 |
7.7 |
0.38 |
| Retired Persons |
8.9 |
1.02 |
8.0 |
0.77 |
| Daily Workers |
7.1 |
0.36 |
7.4 |
0.40 |
| Others |
7.8 |
0.42 |
8.0 |
0.47 |
| Age Group-wise |
|
|
|
|
| 21 to 29 years |
7.6 |
0.34 |
7.7 |
0.39 |
| 30 to 39 years |
7.5 |
0.34 |
7.7 |
0.41 |
| 40 to 59 years |
8.0 |
0.41 |
7.7 |
0.33 |
| 60 years and above |
8.2 |
0.67 |
7.3 |
0.47 |
| Notes: The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for quantitative responses. |
| Table 12: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception and One Year Ahead Expectations |
| Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One Year ahead Expectation |
| Median |
Median |
| Estimate |
SE |
Estimate |
SE |
| Sep-24 |
6.7 |
0.23 |
9.6 |
0.24 |
| Nov-24 |
7.1 |
0.19 |
9.7 |
0.23 |
| Jan-25 |
7.0 |
0.19 |
9.6 |
0.24 |
| Mar-25 |
6.6 |
0.23 |
9.3 |
0.23 |
| May-25 |
6.3 |
0.17 |
8.9 |
0.19 |
| Jul-25 |
5.8 |
0.08 |
7.9 |
0.25 |
| Sep-25 |
5.9 |
0.13 |
7.6 |
0.23 |
| Notes: The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for quantitative responses. |
| Table 13: Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: Sep-25 |
| One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent) |
| Current Inflation Rate (per cent) |
|
<1 |
1-<2 |
2-<3 |
3-<4 |
4-<5 |
5-<6 |
6-<7 |
7-<8 |
8-<9 |
9-<10 |
10-<11 |
11-<12 |
12-<13 |
13-<14 |
14-<15 |
15-<16 |
>=16 |
No idea |
Total |
| <1 |
625 |
100 |
50 |
41 |
32 |
29 |
5 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
14 |
|
|
16 |
10 |
2 |
10 |
|
979 |
| 1-<2 |
79 |
60 |
142 |
53 |
35 |
6 |
9 |
6 |
|
4 |
2 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
12 |
|
|
411 |
| 2-<3 |
75 |
42 |
105 |
209 |
185 |
53 |
24 |
5 |
3 |
19 |
7 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
734 |
| 3-<4 |
61 |
14 |
28 |
72 |
156 |
98 |
42 |
35 |
9 |
5 |
19 |
|
|
20 |
4 |
|
2 |
|
565 |
| 4-<5 |
104 |
13 |
16 |
26 |
90 |
241 |
88 |
77 |
29 |
73 |
39 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
809 |
| 5-<6 |
109 |
12 |
20 |
18 |
31 |
65 |
316 |
187 |
89 |
59 |
190 |
8 |
9 |
3 |
1 |
9 |
12 |
23 |
1161 |
| 6-<7 |
38 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
19 |
16 |
71 |
122 |
101 |
61 |
58 |
22 |
15 |
11 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
14 |
574 |
| 7-<8 |
55 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
19 |
12 |
68 |
86 |
100 |
59 |
12 |
14 |
4 |
10 |
7 |
3 |
10 |
472 |
| 8-<9 |
28 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
89 |
154 |
72 |
20 |
40 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
474 |
| 9-<10 |
77 |
2 |
7 |
6 |
16 |
6 |
|
4 |
9 |
85 |
178 |
54 |
31 |
14 |
96 |
30 |
48 |
28 |
691 |
| 10-<11 |
68 |
2 |
11 |
3 |
4 |
23 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
7 |
59 |
94 |
76 |
30 |
34 |
114 |
97 |
|
634 |
| 11-<12 |
6 |
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
23 |
38 |
37 |
12 |
4 |
7 |
|
132 |
| 12-<13 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
27 |
53 |
3 |
13 |
14 |
|
119 |
| 13-<14 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
48 |
2 |
2 |
|
57 |
| 14-<15 |
4 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
18 |
53 |
18 |
|
103 |
| 15-<16 |
10 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
7 |
|
|
|
1 |
5 |
|
|
1 |
|
60 |
69 |
|
156 |
| >=16 |
110 |
5 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
8 |
3 |
|
1 |
12 |
26 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
28 |
569 |
|
777 |
| Total |
1452 |
263 |
396 |
441 |
584 |
577 |
578 |
527 |
434 |
601 |
731 |
240 |
253 |
205 |
257 |
352 |
871 |
86 |
8848 |
|